The role of environment is emphasized in modern science about cities. The modern researchers highlight ecological, social, economic and system functions urban green spaces in megacities. Also citizens perception these spaces often as places for the entertainment vacation. The statement and appearance of wildlife in a city still is a subject of discussion. Therefore, we must answer the question: What sort has to be Nature in city? The review of modern scientific literature shows the citizen’s prefer of nature areas with natural structure of vegetation and small recreation development.
2018. T. 123. Vyp. 6.
2018. T. 123. Vyp. 6.
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The attitude citizens to wildlife: objective choice or subjective wishes
References
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Список литературы
- Abkar M., Schariff M., Kamal M., Mariapan M., Maulan S., Sheybani M. The role of urban green spaces in mood change // Aust. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 2010. N 4. Р. 5352–5361.
- Abu-Ghazzeh T.M. Reclaiming public space: the ecology of neighborhood open spaces in the town of Abu-Nuseir, Jordan // Landscape and Urban Planning. 1996. Vol. 36. Р. 197–216.
- Adinolfi C., Suárez-Cáceres G.P., Cariñanos P. Relation between visitors, behaviour and characteristics of green spaces in the city of Granada, south-eastern Spain // Urban-Forestry and Urban Greening. 2014. Vol. 13. Р. 534–542.
- Al-Hathloul S., Mughal M.A. Creating identity in new communities: case studies from Saudi Arabia // Landscape and Urban Planning. 1999. Vol. 44. Р. 199–218.
- Appleton J. The experience of landscape. L., 1975.
- Baris M.E., Satris S., Yargon M.E. The contribution of trees and green spacesto the urban climate: the case of Ankara // African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2009. Р. 791–800.
- Barlam S., Dragićević S. Attitude toward urban green spaces: integrating questionnaire survey and collaborative GIS techniques to improve attitude measurements // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2005. Vol. 71. Р. 147–162.
- Berman M.G., Jonides J., Kaplan S. The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature // Psychological Science. 2008. Vol. 19. Р. 1207–1212.
- Bixler R.D., Floyd M.F. Nature is scary, disgusting and uncomfortable // Environmental Behavior. 1997. Vol. 29. P. 443–467.
- Breuste J.H. Decision making, planning and design for the conservation of indigenous vegetation within urban development // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2004. Vol. 68. P. 439–452.
- Buchecker M., Hunziker M., Felix K. Participatory Landscape development: overcoming social barriers to public involvement // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2003. Vol. 64. N 1–2. P. 29–46.
- Burgess J., Harrison D., Limb M. People, parks and urban green: A study of popular meanings and values for open spaces in the city // Urban Studies. 1988. Vol. 25. Р. 455–573.
- Carlson A. The aesthetic appreciation of environmental architecture under different conceptions of environment // The journal of aesthetics education. 2006. Vol. 40. N 4. P. 77–88.
- Carrus G., Lafortezza R., Colangelo G., Dentamaro I., Scopelliti M., Sanesi G. Relations between naturalness and perceived restorativeness of different urban green spaces // Psyecology. 2013. Vol. 4. N 3. Р. 227–244.
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- Chiesura A. The role of urban parks for the sustainable city // Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004. Vol. 68. Р. 129–138.
- Conway H. Parks and people: the social functions // The Regeneration of Public Parks / Woudstra J., Fieldhouse K. (eds.). L., 2000. 340 p.
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- Crow T., Brown T., DeYoung R. The Riverside and Berwyn experience: contrasts in landscape structure, perceptions of the urban landscape, and their effects on people // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2006. Vol. 75. Р. 282–299.
- Daniel T.C. Whither scenic beauty? Visual landscape quality assessment in the 21st century // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2001. Vol. 54. P. 267–281.
- Dearden P. Factors influencing landscape preferences: an empirical investigation // Landscape Planning. 1984. Vol. 11. P. 293–306.
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- Ellison A. The suffocating embrace of landscape and picturesque conditioning of ecology // Landscape Journal. 2013. Vol. 32. N 1. P. 79–94.
- Fraser E.D.G., Kenney W.A. Culture background and landscape history as factors affecting perceptions of the urban forest // Journal of Arboriculture. 2000. Vol. 26. N 2. P. 106–112.
- Fuller R.A., Irvine K.N., Devine-Wrigh P., Warren P.H., Gaston K.J. Psychological benefits of greenspace increase with biodiversity // Biology Letter. 2007. Vol. 3. Р. 390–394.
- Georgi N.J., Zafiriadis K. The impact of park trees on microclimate in urban areas // Urban Ecosystems. 2006. Vol. 9. P. 195–209.
- Gidlöf-Gunnarsson A., Öhrström E. Noise and well-being in urban residential environments: The potential role of perceived availability to near green areas // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2007. Vol. 83. P. 115–126.
- Givoni B. Impact of planted areas on urban environmental quality: a review // Atmospheric Environment. Part B: Urban Atmosphere. 1991. Vol. 25. Р. 289–299.
- Gobster P. Aldo Leopold’s ecological esthetic: integrating esthetic and biodiversity values // Journal For. 1995. Vol. 93. P. 6–10.
- Gobster P. Vision of nature: conflict and compatibility in urban park restoration // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2001. Vol. 56. P. 35–51.
- Gobster P. H., Nassauer J.I., Daniel T.S., Fry C. The shared landscapes: what does aesthetics have to do with ecology? // Landscape ecology. 2007. Vol. 22. P. 959–972.
- Gómez F., Gil L., Jabaloyes J. Experimental investigation of the thermal com-fort in the city: relationship with the green areas, interaction with the urban microclimate // Building and Environment, 2004. Vol. 39. Р. 1077–1086.
- Hartig T., Mang M., Evans G. Restorative effects of natural environments experiences // Environ. Behav. 1991. Vol. 23. Р. 3–26.
- Hartig T., Mitchell R., de Vries S., Frumkin H. Nature and health // Annu. Rev. of Public Health, 2014. Vol. 35. P. 207–228.
- Harvey T. An education 21 programme: orienting environmental education towards sustainable development and capacity building for Rio // Environmentalist. 1995. Vol. 15. P. 2002–2012.
- Herrington S. The Nature of Ian McHarg,s science // Landscape Journal. 2010. Vol. 29. P. 1–10.
- Irvine K.V., Warber S.L., Devine-Wright P., Gaston K.J. // Res. Publ. Health. 2013. Vol. 10. P. 417–442.
- IUCN. The World Conservation Union, United Nation Environmental Program. Worldlife Fund for Nature. Caring for the Earth: a strategy for Sustainable living. Gland (Switzerland). 1991. 228 p.
- Jellicoe G., Jellicoe S. The landscape of man: Shaping the environment from prehistory to the present day (3rd ed.). L., 1995. 408 p.
- Jim C., Chen W. Recreation-amenity use and contingent valuation of urban greenspaces in Guangzhou, China // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2006. Vol. 75. Р. 81–96.
- Junker B., Bucheker M. Aesthetics preferences versus ecological objectives in river restorations // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2008. Vol. 85. P. 141–154.
- Kaplan S. The restorative benefits of Nature: toward an integrative framework // Journal of environmental psychology. 1995. Vol. 15. P. 169–182.
- Kaplan R., Kaplan S. Humanscape: environments for people. North Scituate (USA). 1978. 480 p.
- Kaymaz I.K. Landscape perception // Landscape Planning, InTech / Dr. Murat Ozyavuz (Ed.). Rijeka (Croatia). 2012. P. 251–275.
- Kelsey R. Landscape theory (The Art Seminar) (Ed. R. Ziady Delue and J. Elkins). N.Y., 2008. P. 128.
- Lafortezza R., Carrus G., Sanesi G., Davies C. Benefits and well-being perceived by people visiting Green spaces in periods of heat stress // Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 2009. Vol. 8. Р. 97–108.
- Lee Y.-C., Kim K.-H. Attitudes of citizens towards urban parks and green spaces for urban sustainability: the case of Gyeongsan City, Republic of Korea // Sustainability. 2015. Vol. 7. P. 8240–8254.
- Lothian A. Landscape and the philosophy of aesthetics: is the landscape quality inherent in the landscape or in the eye of the beholder? // Landscape and Urban Planning. 1999. Vol. 44. P. 177–198.
- Lucy W.H., Phillips D.L. The post-suburban era comes to Richmond: city decline, suburban transition, and exurban growth // Landscape and Urban Planning. 1997. Vol. 36. Р. 259–275.
- Maas J., Verheij R.A., Groenewegen P.P., de Vries S., Spreeuwenberg P. Green space, urbanity, and health: How strong is the relation? // J. Epidemiol. Community Health. 2006. Vol. 60. Р. 587–592.
- Matsuoka R.H., Kaplan R. People needs in the urban landscape: analysis of landscape and urban planning contributions // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2008. Vol. 84. Р. 7–19.
- McHarg I. Design with Nature. N.Y., 1971. 198 p.
- McKinney M.L. Urbanization, biodiversity and conservation // BioScience. 2002. Vol. 52. N 10. P. 883–890.
- McPherson E.G., Simpson J.R. Potential energy savings in buildings by anurban tree planting programme in California // Urban Forestry and Urban Greening. 2003. Vol. 2. Р. 73–86.
- Miller J.R. Biodiversity conservation and the extinction of experience // Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 2005. Vol. 20. N 8. P. 430–434.
- Monzingo L.A. The aesthetics of ecology design: seeing science as culture // Landscape Journal, 1997. Vol. 16. N 1. P. 46–59.
- Nadenicek D.J., Hastings C.M. Environmental rhetoric, environmental sophism: the words and works of landscape architecture // Environmentalism in landscape architecture / M. Concan (Ed.). Washington, 2000. P. 133–162.
- Nagendra H., Gopal D. The diversity, distribution, history and change in urbanparks: studies in Bangalore, India // Urban Ecosystem, 2010. Vol. 14. Р. 211–223.
- Nassauer J.I. Messy ecosystems, orderly frames // Landscape Journal, 1995. 14. N 2. P. 161–170.
- Nassauer J.I. Monitoring the success of metropolitan wetland restorations: culture sustainability and ecological function // Wetlands, 2004. Vol. 24. P. 756–765.
- Noralizawati M. Public preferences towards naturalistic and designed landscape pattern in park area. (Master Dissertation, Build Environment, University of Technology MARA, Malaysia). Shah Alam (Malaysia), 2009 [Manuscript inpubl.].
- Oguz D. User surveys of Ankara’s urban parks // Landscape and Urban Planning, 2000. Vol. 52. Р. 165–171.
- Oku H., Fukamachi K. The differences in scenic perception of forest visitors through their attributes and recreational activity // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2006. Vol. 75. Р. 34–42.
- Ozguner H., Kendle A.D. Public attitudes towards naturalistic versus designed landscapes in the city of Sheffield (UK) // Landscape and Urban Planning, 2006. Vol. 74. Р. 139–157.
- Parsons R. Conflict between ecology suitability and environmental aesthetics: conundrum, canard and curiosity // Landscape and Urban Planning, 1995. Vol. 32. P. 227–244.
- Pataky D.E., McCarthy H.R., Litvak E., Pincetl S. Transpiration of urban forest in the Los Angeles metropolitan area // Ecological Applications, 2011. Vol. 21. Р. 661–677.
- Pregio C., Breuste J.-H., Rojas J. Perception and value of nature in urban landscapes: a comparative Analysis of cities in Germany, Chile and Spain // Landscape Online, 2008. Vol. 7. P. 1–22.
- Roovers P., Hermy M., Gulinck H. Visitor profile, perceptions in forests from a gradient of increasing urbanization in central Belgium // Landscape and Urban Planning, 2002. Vol. 59. Р. 129–145.
- Rydberg D., Falck J. Urban forestry in Sweden from a silvicultural perspective: a review // Landscape and Urban Planning, 2000. Vol. 47. Р. 1–18.
- Spronken-Smith R.A., Oke T.R. The thermal regime of urban parks in two cities with different summer climates // International Journal of Remote Sensing. 1998. Vol. 19. Р. 2085–2104.
- Standish R.J., Hobbs R.J., Miller J.R. Improving city life: option for ecology restoration in urban landscapes and how these might influence interactions between people and nature // Landscape Ecology. 2013. Vol. 28. P. 1213–1221.
- Steel B., List P., Schindler B. Conflicting values about federal forest: a comparison of national and Oregon public // Soc. Nat. Resour. 1994. Vol. 7. P. 137–153.
- Stewart W.P., Liebert D., Larkin K.W. Community identities as visions for landscape change // Landscape and Urban Planning, 2004. Vol. 69. Р. 315–334.
- Tahvanainen L., Tyrväinen L., Ihalainen M., Vuorela N., Kolehmainen O. Forest management and public perception – visual version verbal information // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2001. Vol. 53. P. 53–70.
- Tzoulas K., Korpela K., Venn S., Yli-Pelkonen V., Kaźmierczak A., Niemelä J., James P. Promoting ecosystem and human health in urban areas using green infrastructure: a literature review // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2007. Vol. 81. P. 167–178.
- Ulrich R.S. View through a window may influence recovery from surgery // Science, 1984. Vol. 224. Р. 420–421.
- Ulrich R.S. How Design Impacts Wellness // The Healthcare Forum journal, 1992, September. Р. 20–25.
- Van den Berg A.E., Koole S. New wilderness in the Netherlands: an investigation of visual preferences for nature development landscapes // Landscape and Urban Planning. 2006. Vol. 78. P. 362–372.
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