2017. T. 122. Vyp. 2. - Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series

Invasive Plant’s Fungal Affection: the Case of Impatiens Parviflora

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:34:36 +0000

This paper presents the results of the five-years investigations of fungi species occurring on the invasive species of balsam, smallflower touch-me-not (Impatiens parviflora DC.). The study was conducted on Zvenigorod Biological Station nm. S.N. Skadovsky. Three different disease were revealed on this host, among them downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara obducens (J. Schröt.) J. Schröt.), grey mould (caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.), rust (caused by Puccinia komarovii Tranzschel). Impatiens noli-tangere L. had another rust species (Puccinia argentata (Schultz) G. Winter) and also we observed powdery mildew on this host (caused by Podosphaera balsaminae (Wallr.) U. Braun et S. Takam.). Perhaps I. parviflora could become a host for the powdery mildew too. All pathogens had great differences in seasonal and long-term dynamics. Most harmful pathogens of I. parviflora were new diseases – grey mould and downy mildew.

The post Invasive Plant’s Fungal Affection: the Case of Impatiens Parviflora first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.

Morphogenesis and State of Coenopopulations of the Endemic Species Scutellaria tuvensis (Lamiaceae)

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:32:23 +0000

Ontomorphogenesis and ontogenetic structure of coenopopulations of Tuvinian endemic Scutellaria tuvensis were studied in natural conditions. A brief ecological and coenotic characteristic of its habitats is given. A life form of the species is vegetatively immobile fixed aeroxylemic sympodial dwarf subshrub. The phases of morphogenesis are described. The sprout structure of the mature individual is represented by a system of branched sympodial skeletal axes (an architectural unit) formed by four types of partly dying perennial shoots. The ontogeny of S. tuvensis is simple, incomplete, without the senile individuals. Left-hand, centered and right-hand ontogenetic spectra of the coenopopulations were revealed. Their diversity in different ecological and coenotic conditions is determined by the change in the rate of development of the individuals and periodicity of seed reproduction.

The post Morphogenesis and State of Coenopopulations of the Endemic Species Scutellaria tuvensis (Lamiaceae) first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.

Comparative Anatomy of Vegetative Organs in Some Species of Coldenia L. and Tiquilia Pers. (Boraginaceae) in Relation to their Ecology, Life Forms and Systematic Position

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:29:54 +0000

A microscopic study of vegetative organs in Coldenia procumbens L., Tiquilia canescens (DC.) A.T. Richardson, T. palmeri (A. Gray) A.T. Richardson, T. nuttallii (Hook.) A.T. Richardson has shown the presence of many structural traits these species have in common, despite the fact they belong to different genera. A number of anatomical traits characteristic to the species, reflecting the habitat ecology, plants’ life forms and taxonomic position, can be pointed out. Coldenia procumbens is known to have hygromesophilous structure, while species of Tiquilia are xeromorphic. Great resemblance in shoot and root anatomy of annual Tiquilia palmeri and T. nuttallii proves their close relationship. Meanwhile, T. canescens, being a subshrub, differs greatly from annual representatives of the genus by its revolute leaf blade, peculiar structure of the palisades and phellem, the latter including thick-walled lignified phelloids in addition to thin-walled cells. Another trait of difference is the absence of inner phloem at the edge of the pith zone and sites of intraxylary phloem in the axial organs of T. canescens – these features are very so typical of annual Tiquilia but their absence may suggest resemblance to Coldenia procumbens.

The post Comparative Anatomy of Vegetative Organs in Some Species of Coldenia L. and Tiquilia Pers. (Boraginaceae) in Relation to their Ecology, Life Forms and Systematic Position first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.

Post-Grazing Recovery of Subalpine Meadows on Lagonaki Upland (the West Caucasus)

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:27:27 +0000

Post-grazing recovery of subalpine meadows in the West Caucasus (Lagonaki upland) was analyzed. The results show that for last 15−20 years of “rest” earlier disturbed the subalpine communities have changed mainly towards the pre-pasture state. However, they still differ greatly from natural communities, including lower species richness. There are examples of secondary degradation of pasture communities. It is hypothesized that recovery of overgrazed subalpine vegetation requires considerably more time.

The post Post-Grazing Recovery of Subalpine Meadows on Lagonaki Upland (the West Caucasus) first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.

Macrozoobenthos from different Biotops of Pseudolitoral Zone at Kazachya Bay (Black Sea, Crimea)

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:25:04 +0000

The data of macrozoobenthos development from different habitats of splash water zone at Kazach’ya Bay was shown. Polychaeta, Mollusca, Crustacea, Oligochaeta, Nemertina and Turbellaria taxa classes of macrobenthos was registered. The dominating species from splash water zone were polychaetes Saccocirrus papillocercus and crustaceans Orchestia gammarella. The higher species diversity and macrozoobenthos abundance was found at the shell sand biotope. The minimum of macrozoobenthos densities was characterized for habitats upper the water’s edge and the maximum – for habitats below the water’s edge.

The post Macrozoobenthos from different Biotops of Pseudolitoral Zone at Kazachya Bay (Black Sea, Crimea) first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.

To the fauna of True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Penza Region (Russia)

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:22:34 +0000

Data on heteropteran fauna of the Penza Region (Russia) is provided on original material. The records of 62 species from 52 genera and 15 families, data on Stenocephalidae, Alydidae, Cydnidae and Acanthosomatidae are given for the first time. Species with west-central-palearctic distribution are dominated (32%). Polyzonal species (66 %) prevail in the zonal aspect. Annotated list with new species for the Penza Region with arealogical distribution for each species is given.

The post To the fauna of True Bugs (Heteroptera) of the Penza Region (Russia) first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.

Phenotypic Variability and Landscape-Biotopical Diversifi cation of local Populations Coenonympha arcania (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) on the South Urals Mountains

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:20:16 +0000

European species Pearly Heath Coenonympha arcania (L.) in the mountainous part of the Southern Urals inhabits the tall, grass-mixed grass and short grass open meadow mountain and valley areas, which due to the difficult terrain orography are isolated from each other. Investigations were carried out on the territory of the South Ural State Natural Reserve. Discovered phenological shift the start of flight period in mountainous habitats compared to the valley of Malyj Inzer river. The analysis of wing size and eyespots diameters variability allows to make the assumption that C. arcania from the mountains M. Yamantau and Arka and can be assigned to one local population and from the Dunan-Sungan – to another. The observed phenotypic differences caused by climatic factors of the low-elevation mountains, the mosaic nature of suitable habitats in fragmented landscape and low migratory capacity of the species, preventing its dispersal.

The post Phenotypic Variability and Landscape-Biotopical Diversifi cation of local Populations Coenonympha arcania (L.) (Lepidoptera: Satyridae) on the South Urals Mountains first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.

On the Biology Spotted Woodpecker in Floodplains Steppe Landscapes of Southern Ural Including Buzuluk Forest

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:17:25 +0000

We studied the phenology and nesting biology, post-nesting migrations and wintering of small motley, white-backed, middle spotted woodpecker and the great spotted in intrazonal river flood plain forests of the Urals, and Sakmara, Samara and Buzuluk forest in the period 2007–2012 and in July–August 2014–2015. Studied forage adaptation and optimal habitats identified during the annual life cycle of woodpeckers in the region. Detected Spotted woodpecker hollows 90, 33 of them inhabited, spending the night 5 and 52 non-residential. They were carved into the dry, withering and trees growing in wet conditions, had a rotten core. In steppe landscapes of the Southern Urals optimal habitats for the female spotted woodpecker are intrazonal river flood plain forests.

The post On the Biology Spotted Woodpecker in Floodplains Steppe Landscapes of Southern Ural Including Buzuluk Forest first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.

Effective Number and Size of Neighbourhood in a Population of Great Gerbil

fidukoffMOIP — Sat, 16 Sep 2023 10:14:34 +0000

We determine the effective population size of gerbils needed to evaluate the role of genetic drift, as one of the possible factors affecting the differences in populations in separate groups of rodents living in Balkhash autonomous plague focus. For identifying effective size of gerbils are used methods that based on different demographic facts, such as unequal numbers of individuals of different sex and periodically changing of population. It has been found that the effective size of the Ishikotrau population great gerbil, less than its actual numbers on 53,9–69,5% for genes, not sex-linked, and 90,3–94,4% of the genes are transmitted only from one parent. Given the mobility of data on individual gerbils, determined the amount of “neighbourhood” in this species, which amounted to about 150 individuals.

The post Effective Number and Size of Neighbourhood in a Population of Great Gerbil first appeared on Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series.