2023. T. 128. Vyp. 2. - Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists. Biological Series

Lichens Species with the Foliose Thallii of the Physciaceae Family in the Moscow Region

nilovamoip — Wed, 29 Nov 2023 20:28:41 +0000

The literary information and MW herbarium data from the end of the XIX century to the present are summarized as well as our own data on the distribution, substrate confi nement and sensitivity to pollution in the Moscow region of foliose lichens of the Physciaceae family. The degree of study of lichens on the territory of the region is discussed. Comparative characteristics of the signs of Phaeophyscia, Physcia, Physconia genera are given. A key is given to determine the species of these genera on the territory of the Moscow region. It is proposed to include Physciella chloantha and Phaeophyscia hirsuta in the new edition of the Red Date Book of the Moscow region.

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Modular organization of shoot system and ontogenesis of Hedysarum branthii Trautv. & C.A. Mey.

nilovamoip — Mon, 27 Nov 2023 20:56:21 +0000

The shoot formation of Hedysarum branthii and ontogeny in natural populations on the territory of the Russian Far East were studied from the position of a modular organization. The structure of three categories of modules (elementary, universal and basic) is described. In different ecological-cenotic conditions were revealed two types of shoot. In the structure of the shoot were identifi ed the 15 types of elementary modules, which form 3 types of universal and 3 types of basic modules. The variability of the basic module is leads to the formation of three type of the life form. The life form, which consists of taproot system and elongated, ascending type of shoot is dominant of the H. branthii and in the Gamotion section of the genus Hedysarum. It has been established that a change in the life form occurs with a change in environmental conditions, namely, the altitude above sea level and the type and humidity of the substrate due to the inclusion of two types of additional adaptive elementary modules.

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Dynamics of Seed Productivity of the Endemic Species Anemonastrum biarmiense (Juz.) Holub (Ranunculaceae) in the South Ural Reserve

nilovamoip — Wed, 22 Nov 2023 21:27:29 +0000

Five-year dynamics of seed productivity of the high-mountain endemic species Anemonastrum biarmiense (Juz.) Holub in the territory of the South Ural Reserve is presented. The collection of seed material was carried out in three cenopopulations (Dunan-Sungan, Yusha and Naratash), two of which are associated with tall grass communities of the Polygonion krascheninnikovii Kashapov 1985 union, the third cenopopulation is part of the tundra-like communities of the spruce-birch crooked forest of the Calamagrostion arundinaceae (Luquet 1926) Oberdorfer 1957 union. A brief description of the weather conditions of the growing year is given with a graph of minimum temperatures from May to July 2015–2021, where the largest number of days with frost was noted for 2017 (9 days), and not noted at all for 2021. A description of the morphological heterogeneity is given. Seeds of A.biarmiense, while it was found that the seeds of plants are most often characterized by an ellipsoidal shape, less often an ellipsoidal one with a base narrowed into a stem. The spherical shape of the seeds is more common in forest cenopopulations, and the ellipsoidal shape is more common in meadow ones. Seeds with a wavy and even edge are observed equally often. The metric and quantitative parameters of A. biarmiense seed productivity in natural cenopopulations from 2015 to 2021 are given. Most of the metrics increase in 2016, 2018 and decrease in 2015, 2017 with worsening weather conditions. Among the quantitative indicators, the largest number of ovules and seeds per seedling, fl ower-bearing shoot and individual were found in the meadow cenopopulations of Yusha, Dunan-sungan of the forest belt, and in the Naratash CP of the subalpine belt, their number is reduced. Accordingly, a higher seed productivity coeffi cient was found in the open meadow communities of the forest belt, and a lower one in the crooked forest belt. Characterizing the weather conditions of the growing year, most of the maximum values were found in 2016, when the climatic conditions were the most favorable during the growing season. The minimum values of seed productivity indicators were noted in 2017 and 2021, characterized by the least favorable weather conditions throughout the growing season. The lowest variability of seed productivity traits was found for the length and width of the seed, the highest – for the weight of seeds and the number of unfulfilled seeds per seed, flowering shoot and plant. The amplitude of variability for all studied parameters of seed productivity varies in a wide range among the observed cenopopulations in the belt of spruce crooked forests on the ridge. Naratash, while in the narrowest range, variation of signs in the Yusha and Dunan-sungan CP was revealed.

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On the Weather Factors which Cause Outbreaks of Foliophagous Insects (on the Example of Black-veined White Aporia crataegi (L.) (Lepidoptera, Pieridae) in the Urals

nilovamoip — Mon, 20 Nov 2023 21:04:09 +0000

On the example of the outbreak foci of black-veined white, that sprung up in the Urals in 2020, is shown how outbreak foci of the pest begin to develop. Besides in the article for the fi rst time the method of quantitative assessment of average span time during which occur formation of the outbreak foci of black-veined white and pine looper Bupalus piniarius (L.) is described. It is shown that outbreak foci of the both species come into being during interval of time no more than 1 hour. Average data of the black-veined white and pine looper outbreak foci formation in the south of Sverdlovsk region are 13 and 14 June accordingly.

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Bats (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae) of the Bashkiria National Park

nilovamoip — Sun, 19 Nov 2023 19:14:40 +0000

In 2018, 2019, 2021 and 2022 in the national park “Bashkiria” located in the southeastern part of the Republic of Bashkortostan, studies of the local fauna of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) were carried out. The uniqueness of the specially protected natural area lies in the presence of linden-maple-oak forests located on the eastern border of their range and a wide variety of surface and deep relief forms associated with the development of karst rocks. As a result, data on the habitation of 12 species of bats, which belong to six genera of the Vespertilionidae family, were obtained. Of these, eight species are included in the regional Red Book. The species Nyctalus lasiopterus, listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, was found in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the fi rst time. A cadastre is presented with a description of the places of work, geographical coordinates and results of catches, information on wintering places, the nature of stay in the region, reproduction, age and sex composition of populations, indicators of relative abundance. According to traps, the most numerous in the national park are: Pipistrellus nathusii, Vespertilio murinus, Myotis brandtii, Nyctalus noctula, M. daubentonii and Plecotus auritus. Few species are: Eptesicus nilssonii, M. mystacinus, N. leisleri and M. dasycneme, while M. nattereri and N. lasiopterus are rare. In addition to the identifi ed species, Pipistrellus pygmaeus, discovered by us 30 km south of the borders of the national park, can live on the territory. Recommendations on the protection of bats and the introduction of N. lasiopterus into the Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan are presented.

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