European beaver and growth forms of pedunculate oak

Evstigneev O.I., Korotkova N.V.

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2026. T. 131. Vyp. 1.

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2026. T. 131. Vyp. 1.

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DOI: 10.55959/MSU0027-1403-BB-2026-131-1-35-46

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Evstigneev O.I., Korotkova N.V.

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life form of a tree, aeroxil tree, geoxil tree, prostrate life form, Quercus robur, Castor fiber

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Evstigneev O.I., Korotkova N.V. , European beaver and growth forms of pedunculate oak // Byul. MOIP. Otd. biol. 2026. T. 131. Vyp. 1. S. 35-46

European beaver and growth forms of pedunculate oak

An important factor in the formation of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) in the habitats of the European beaver (Castor fiber L.) is the trophic activity of this animal. The development of one or another variant of life form of oak is determined by the ontogenetic state of the tree cut by the beaver, as well as the time of felling. The most active morphogenesis is typical for oak individuals at the first stages of ontogenesis – immature of the first and the second subgroups (im1, im2), virginile of the first and the second subgroups (v1, v2) and young generative (g1). After cutting im1 oaks, single-trunk trees are formed. After gnawing im2 and v1 oaks, relatively high stumps remain, from which mainly multi-stemmed compact aeroxyl trees are formed. After gnawing v2 and g1 oaks, comparatively low stumps are formed, from which mainly multi-stem compact geoxyl trees develop. These three life forms of oak are formed from spring powerful coppice shoots that appear on the stumps of oak cut in the autumn-winter and early spring. In the case of summer gnawing of oaks, mainly weak and thin shoots develop on the stumps. They usually lie down under the weight of wet snow, take root and form the prostrate life form. The prostrate life form can transform over time into a multi-trunk diffuse geoxyl tree. Such morphological polyvariance refl ects the adaptation of oaks to the trophic impact of beavers and allows populations of this tree to maintain their positions in communities that are under the control of these rodents.

References

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Список литературы

Asoskov A.I. Poroslevaya sposobnost’ nashikh drevesnykh porod // Issledovaniya po lesovodstvu. 1931. S. 320–376 (in Russ.)
Astapova T.N. Rost i formirovanie pobegov duba v lesakh Podmoskov’ya // Uchen. zap. Mosk. gor. ped. inta im. V P. Potemkina. 1954. T. 37. Vyp. 2. S. 135–155 (in Russ.)
Balodis M.M. The beaver. Biology and management in Latvia. Riga, 1990. 271 s (in Russ.)
Bespalov V.P. Biologiya vegetativnykh pochek vozobnovleniya i ikh rol’ v porosleoobrazovanii u vyaza prizemistogo. Avtoref. dis. … kand. biol. nauk. M., 1987. 17 s. (in Russ.)
Botanika s osnovami fitotsenologii: Anatomiya i morfologiya rastenii. M.: IKTs Akademkniga, 2006. 543 s. (in Russ.)
Vasil’ev V.N. Rastitel’nost’ Anadyrskogo kraya. M., L., 1956. 218 s. (in Russ.)
Danilov P.I., Kan’shiev V.Ya., Fedorov F.V. Beavers of the European North of Russia. M., 2007. 199 s. (in Russ.)
Dezhkin V.E., Safonov G.S. Biologiya i khozyaistvennoe ispol’zovanie bobra. M., 1966. 91 s. (in Russ.)
Dervis-Sokolova T.G. Anatomo-morphological structure of Salix polaris Wahlb. and Salix phlebophylla Anderss. // Byul. MOIP. Otd. biol. 1966. T. 71. Vyp. 2. S. 28–38 (in Russ.)
D’yakov Yu.V. Bobry evropeiskoi chasti Sovetskogo Soyuza. M., 1975. 480 s. (in Russ.)
Evstigneev O.I. Populyatsionnye strategii vidov derev’ev // Vostochnoevropeiskie lesa: istoriya v golotsene i sovremennost’. M., 2004. Kn. 1. S. 176–205 (in Russ.)
Evstigneev O.I., Korotkova N.V. Ontogeny of pedunculate oak in flood meadows of the Bryansk polesie // Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology. 2023. Vol. 8. № 2. P. 1–21 (in Russ.) (https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2023-2-1)
Evstigneev O.I., Korotkova N.V. Ontogeny polyvariance of pedunculate oak in pine forests of the bryansk polesie // Russian Journal of Ecosystem Ecology. 2024. Vol. 9. № 1. P. 1–29 (in Russ.) (https://doi.org/10.21685/2500-0578-2024-1-3)
Ermolaev O.Yu. Mathematical statistics for psychologists. M., 2004. 336 s. (in Russ.)
Zavyalov N.A. Ecosystem engineering of the beaver (Castor fiber L.) in the forest zone of European part of Russia. Velikiy Novgorod: Reserve Rdeysky. 2015. 320 p. (in Russ.)
Zaripov R.Z., Yushina N.G. K izucheniyu pitaniya bobra v Mariiskoi ASSR // Tr. Vo-ronezhskogo gos. zapovednika. Voronezh, 1976. Vyp. 21. T. 2. S. 84–88 (in Russ.)
Libbert E. Physiology of plants. M., 1976. 580 s. (in Russ.)
Lokhmatov N.A. O spyashchikh pochkakh u duba obyknovennogo // Lesnoe khozyaistvo. 1955. № 10. S. 57–59 (in Russ.)
Mazurenko M.T. On the life forms of the creeping silvicolous plants // Bot. zhurn. 1978. T. 63. № 4. S. 593–603 (in Russ.)
Mazurenko M.T., Khokhryakov A.P. Struktura i morfogenez kustarnikov. M., 1977. 160 s. (in Russ.)
Nedoseko O.I. Boreal’nye vidy iv iz podroda Salix i Vetrix: ontomorfogenez i zhiz-nennye formy. Nizhnii Novgorod, 2014. 426 s. (in Russ.)
Ognev S.I. The mammals of USSR and adjacent countries. Rodents. M., L., 1947. T. 5. 809 s. (in Russ.)
Paderevskaya M.I. K biologii spyashchikh pochek duba // Uch. zap. Kurskogo gos. ped. in-ta. Kursk, 1957. S. 20–38 (in Russ.)
Pyatnitskii S.S., Kovalenko M.P., Lokhmatov N.A i dr. Vegetativnyi les. M., 1963. 448 s. (in Russ.)
Rastitel’nost’ evropeiskoi chasti SSSR. L., 1980. 431 s. (in Russ.)
Serebryakov I.G. Ekologicheskaya morfologiya rastenii. Zhiznennye formy pokrytosemennykh i khvoinykh rastenii. M., 1962. 379 s. (in Russ.)
Tolkachev V.I., Sautin V.I. Bobry v Belorusskom Poles’e. Minsk, 1988. 87 s. (in Russ.)
Uvesen A.V bobrovom lesu. M., 1983. 143 s. (in Russ.)
Fadeev E.V. Vliyanie obitaniya rechnykh bobrov na okruzhayushchuyu sredu // Tr. Voronezhskogo gos. zapovednika. Voronezh, 1976. T. 21. S. 112–116 (in Russ.)
Tsenopopulyatsii rastenii (osnovnye ponyatiya i struktura). М., 1976. 217 s. (in Russ.)
Chistyakova A.A. The life forms and their spectra as indicators of the species state in cenosis (deciduous trees as example) // Byul. MOIP. Otd. biol. 1988. T. 93. Vyp. 6. S. 93–105 (in Russ.)
Chistyakova A.A. On the life form and vegetative spreading of the small-leaved lime Tilia cordata Mill. // Byul. MOIP. Otd. biol. 1978. T. 83. Vyp. 2. S. 129–137 (in Russ.)
Johnston C.A. Beavers: Boreal Ecosystem Engineers. Switzerland: Springer, 2017. 272 p.
Rosell F, Campbell-Palmer R. Beavers: Ecology, Behaviour, Conservation, and Management. UK: Oxford, 2022. 454 p.
Smirnova O.V., Chistyakova A.A., Zaugol’nova L.B., Evstigneev O.I., Popadiouk R.V., Romanovsky A.M. Ontogeny of a tree // Bot. journ. 1999. Vol. 84. № 12. P. 8–20.